(a) (i) Tolerance
Tolerance is the willing acceptance of the views and behaviours of other people or groups of people. When this attitude of tolerance is cultivated, there will be peace and harmony in our communities and conflicts shall be prevented.

(ii) Forgiveness
Forgiveness is the act of pardoning a person or a group of persons for an offence or wrongdoing. Since in any given human society there would always be offence in one way or the other, it is necessary for people to have the willingness to forgive others, just as God also forgives our sins, when we pray and ask Him to.

(iii) Courtesy in speech and actions
Courtesy is a show of politeness or good manners towards others. There is the need to show courtesy when relating to others in order not to offend them. Courtesy is an important element in preventing conflicts.

(iv) Proper investigation
Sometimes people take vengeful actions based only on hearsay. This causes conflicts and must be discouraged. People or groups must always endeavour to do proper investigation into issues so as to ascertain the truth of a matter, and thereafter, take only prudent actions which would prevent conflicts.

(v) Respect for human rights of others
Every human being has basic human rights which must be respected by everyone. Examples of such rights are the right to life, personal liberty, dignity, etc. If people would consider and respect these rights of others, conflicts would be prevented in our communities.

(vi) Discouragement of rumour-mongering
People must desist from spreading rumours about other people or groups, and must rather be careful about what they say and how they speak.

(vii) Respect for cultures and traditions of others
People in communities, especially cosmopolitan ones, have different backgrounds in terms of race, education, religion, etc and therefore have different cultures. It is important to respect the cultures and traditions of others in order to maintain the peace and harmony in our communities.

(viii) Fairness
It is essential for fairness to be upheld by all members of the community in their dealings among themselves. This encourages harmony, discourages resentment and jealousy and therefore prevents conflicts.

(ix) Honesty
Honesty is the character of being sincere and upright. This is a very important value for people to have in order to maintain the bond of mutual trust, harmony and peace.

(b). (i) loss of property
(ii) loss of lives
(iii) Prevents or slows down development
(iv) discourages local investments
(v) discourages foreign investments
(vi) creates instability / insecurity
(vii) destruction of infrastructure
(viii) intensifies ethnic hatred and bigotry
(ix) human rights abuses
(x) causes suffering among children and women
(xi) displacement of people and property
(xii) increase of government expenditure
(xiii) restriction of goods and services
(xiv) living with constant fear of attack
(xv) imposition of curfews / state of emergency
(xvi) economic activity becomes stagnant
(xvii) lead to famine
(xviii) lead to brain drain / loss of professionals
(xix) lead to emotional and psychological problems
(xx) retardation of education

(c)(i)Arbitration
(ii) Negotiation
(iii) Reconciliation